Although affected animals are mostly asymptomatic persistent carriers ( Adams & Gorham 1986), the clinical disease causes dyspnoea due to emaciation and progressive pneumonia in sheep or polyarthritis and mastitis in goats ( Lilenbaum et al. The development of persistent, mononuclear inflammatory lesions in the lungs, joints udder and central nervous system causes morbidity and decreased milk production ( Lilenbaum et al. Furthermore, the presence of virus-infected cells in oestrus mucus, preputial swabs and epididymis of infected animals also favours venereal transmission ( Rowe & East 1997 Brajon et al. Long-term close contact with respiratory, salivary or postpartum lochia secretions of CAEV-infected dam, marking, ear tagging and open dehorning operations can increase the likelihood of post-natal transmission among goats ( Pisoni et al. Perinatal transmission of CAEV occurs in-utero, through direct vaginal contact during birth, accidental ingestion of colostrum from the infected dam, or exposure to respiratory and salivary secretions during neonate licking after birth ( Rowe & East 1997 Andrioli et al. CAEV, first discovered in 1974 as a significant cause of chronic inflammatory disease in goats, sheep and other related ruminants ( Reina et al. Lebih banyak kajian diperlukan untuk menentukan ciri genetik virus penyebab penyakit ini, taburan penyakit dan faktor penyumbang bagi CAEV supaya dapat mengadakan kawalan dan pencegahan efektif bagi penyakit ini di Malaysia.Ĭaprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) and the closely related Maedi-Visna (MV) are known as small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs). Dengan wujudnya kelaziman penyakit CAE di Semenanjung Malaysia ini akan menyumbang kepada kemungkinan ancaman negatif terhadap industri ruminan kecil dan sektor ekonomi dalam bidang penternakan. Keputusan kajian ini menunjukkan kadar kelaziman serologi 21.4% (95% CI: 15.8–28.6) jelas dan 20.6% (95% CI: 14.5–27.8) kadar kelaziman benar dengan perbezaan ketara ( p < 0.05) dalam kadar perubahan kelaziman serologi antara negeri, ladang, sistem produksi dan baka haiwan ruminan kecil. Serum yang telah dikumpul diuji dengan antibodi spesifik anti-CAEV dengan menggunakan prosedur piawai kit elisa daripada Qayee-Bio CAEV. Sampel darah dan data biologi telah dikumpulkan secara rawak dengan jumlah sampel 262 ekor (40 ekor bebiri dan 222 ekor kambing) daripada tujuh buah ladang peternak kecil. Maka, kajian kini bertujuan memberikan pendedahan awal berkaitan kadar kelaziman serologi dan faktor yang menyumbang penyakit CAE dalam kalangan bebiri dan kambing bagi dua negeri di Semanjung Malaysia. Kajian terdahulu memberi penekanan kepada dapatan klinikal patologi dan data bukti serologi kewujudan penyakit CAE dalam kalangan gerompok kambing di Malaysia. CAE telah merebak ke seluruh dunia dan penyakit ini akan menyebabkan penularan wabak pada kadar morbiditi yang tinggi dan mengurangkan kuantiti penghasilan susu bagi kambing tenusu. Virus Kaprin Artritis Ensefalitis (CAEV) merupakan ahli kumpulan dalam genus virus lentivirus dimana akan menyebabkan penyakit kaprin artritis ensefalitis (CAE) di mana penyakit ini akan menyebabkan keradangan kronik pada paru-paru, sendi, kelenjar mamari dan sistem saraf pusat bagi haiwan ruminan kecil seperti bebiri dan kambing. Further studies are required to determine the genetic characteristics, distribution and risk factors of CAEV for effective prevention and control in Malaysia. The prevalence of CAE in the Malaysian Peninsular is a potential threat to the small ruminant industry and developing agricultural economy. Our results of the study revealed 21.4% (95% CI: 15.8–28.6) apparent and 20.6% (95% CI: 14.5–27.8) true seroprevalence with significant differences ( p < 0.05) in seroconversion rates between the states, farms, production systems and breeds of small ruminants. Blood sera were tested for specific anti-CAEV antibodies using Qayee-Bio CAEV sandwich-ELISA test kits according to standard procedures. The blood samples and biodata were randomly collected from a total of 262 individual sheep (40) and goat (222) in seven smallholder farms. Therefore, this study aims to provide further insights into the seroprevalence and contributing factors of CAE among sheep and goat herds in two states of Peninsular Malaysia. Earlier studies highlighted the clinicopathological features and supplied preliminary serological evidence for the existence of CAE among selected goat herds in Malaysia. CAE is distributed worldwide and is recognised as a significant cause of morbidity and decreased milk production in dairy goats. Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) is a member of the genus lentivirus causing caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE), a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the lungs, joints, udder and central nervous system of small ruminants such as sheep and goats.
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